Cisco Cyber Security Practice Exam

What principle is used by the U.S. government in its access control models?

1. Least privilege

2. Need to know

3. Separation of duties

4. Risk assessment

The correct answer is: Need to know

The principle of "Need to know" is fundamental in the access control models used by the U.S. government. This principle ensures that individuals have access only to the information necessary for them to perform their responsibilities. It helps to minimize the possibility of unauthorized access to confidential or sensitive information, thereby enhancing security. This principle works in tandem with the classification of information, which is often categorized based on its sensitivity level. For instance, in government environments where national security information is involved, adopting the "Need to know" guideline is crucial for protecting sensitive data from unauthorized individuals or instances where individuals might encounter security risks inadvertently. By implementing the "Need to know" principle, organizations are better able to compartmentalize information access, thus reducing the surface area for potential breaches or leaks. It ensures that even if an individual has clearance, they cannot access certain information unless it is explicitly required for their role, effectively limiting exposure to sensitive data and minimizing risks.